Sabtu, 15 Oktober 2011

tugas manajemen 2

nama : bella indaini haning
NIM : 2011145036
PBU 7 GEL 3

EXPLANATION OF-LEVEL MANAGEMENT


Levels of management and managers.
Judging from levels organization, management is divided into 3 levels, namely:

1. Top Management
Managers responsible for the influence that caused the decisions of the organization's overall management. Top management in charge of planning activities and general corporate strategy and direct the course of the company. For example: director, deputy director, chief executive officer. Expertise of top level managers is conceptual, meaning the expertise to make and formulate the concept to be implemented by the underlying manager level.

Case in point: for example in a xyz company gives authority to a director of the company. Namely for this year the company will achieve sales target of up to 3 billion. then by the director to plan and formulate a plan or concept for the company to achieve the targets that have been planned. And the director or authorized this idea to the leadership of the company to complete the mission if the company leadership can not be doing a good job or can not reach the target directors are entitled to give consequence to the leadership of the company. And from here the directors can monitor his company's forward or backward.

2. Middle Management
Middle management must have the interpersonal skills / human, meaning skills to communicate, cooperate and motivate others. These managers were among the first-line management and top management and served as a liaison between these two. responsible for implementing the plan and ensure the achievement of a goal. they are responsible to top management. For example: region manager, division head, director of product,

Case in point: his example led a company xyz is given the authority of directors to execute the decisions and plans for the coming year. the company must reach the target 3 billion this year. And corporate leaders tasked to develop plans and execute operations decisions or plans that have been set by the directors of the company.


3. Under Management / Line (Low Management)
Manager responsible for completing the plans have been set by the managers is higher. At this level of expertise which also has the technical expertise, that expertise which includes procedures, techniques, knowledge and expertise in specialized fields. This management level is also the lowest level in charge of directing and overseeing nonmanajerial employees involved in the production process. For example: supervisor / production supervisors, foreman.

Case in point: for example the head of a company xyz gives authority to the staff or workers to settle their task in today's job for example: employees A, B, C and D are given their respective duties in accordance with their respective expertise and duties of a head of this section is to oversee and drive the workers to work properly. leaders must be able to communicate, give instructions, creative thinking, initiative, and provide stimulus to the employee.

Here is a management scheme based on levels:
Judging from the activities carried out:
- Functional Manager, responsible for an organizational unit of activity (production,
marketing, finance, personnel, etc.

- General Manager, responsible for all activities of the unit.
In carrying out the task, each level has a main function or managers of different skills are:

1. Technical Expertise (Technical Skill) is expertise about how to work and produce something which consists of briefings with the motivation, supervision, and communication.
2. Managerial skills (Managerial Skill) is expertise related to the case plan goal setting, organizing, drafting personnel, and supervision.
Skills Manager
In general, there are four skills of managers at each level of the manager:
1. Conceptual skills
Skills or mental abilities to coordinate and integrate all interests and activities of the organization.
2. Humanitarian Skills
Ability to work there with each other to understand and motivate others.
3. Administrative Skills
Capability that has to do with the management functions performed.
4. Technical Skills
The ability to use the equipment, procedures, and methods of a particular field.
Robert L. Katz in the 1970's suggests that every manager requires a minimum of three basic skills. These three skills are:

1. Conceptual skills (conceptional skills)
Upper-level managers (top manager) must have the skills to make the concepts, ideas, and ideas for the betterment of the organization. The idea or ideas and concepts are then to be translated into an action plan to realize the idea or concept that. The process of elaboration of the idea into a concrete plan of work is usually referred to as the planning process or planning. Therefore, conceptual skills are also a skill to make the plan work.

2. Skills relate to other people (humanity skills)
In addition to conceptual capabilities, managers also need to be equipped with the skills to communicate or relate to other people skills, also called human skill. Persuasive communication should always be created by the lead managers to subordinates. With a persuasive communication, friendship, and kinship will make employees feel valued and then they will be open to the boss. Communication skills required, both at the level of top management, middle, and bottom.

3. Technical skills (technical skills)
These skills are generally a provision for managers at lower levels. This technical skill is the ability to perform a specific job, such as using computer programs, improve the engine, making chairs, accounting and others. While the Lower Level Management, working with very little mind, whereas with a physical or a large power / lots.

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